Prospective association between physical activity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the prospective association of physical activity with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) mortality in CKD patients in China. Methods: Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association of total, domain-specific, and intensity-specific physical activity with the risk of all-cause, CVD, and CKD mortality based on data from the baseline survey of China Kadoorie Biobank. Results: During a median follow-up of 11.99 (11.13, 13.03) years, there were 698 deaths in 6 676 CKD patients. Compared with the bottom tertile of total physical activity, participants in the top tertile had a lower risk of all-cause, CVD, and CKD mortality, with hazard ratios (HRs) (95%CIs) of 0.61 (0.47-0.80), 0.40 (0.25-0.65), and 0.25 (0.07-0.85), respectively. Occupational, commuting, and household physical activity were negatively associated with the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality to varying degrees. Participants in the top tertile of occupational physical activity had a lower risk of all-cause (HR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.38-0.82) and CVD (HR=0.39, 95%CI: 0.20-0.74) mortality, those in the top tertile of commuting physical activity had a lower risk of CVD mortality (HR=0.43, 95%CI: 0.22-0.84), and those in the top tertile of household physical activity had a lower risk of all-cause (HR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.45-0.82), CVD (HR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.26-0.76) and CKD (HR=0.03, 95%CI: 0.01-0.17) mortality, compared with the bottom tertile of corresponding physical activity. No association of leisure-time physical activity with mortality was observed. Both low and moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity were negatively associated with the risk of all-cause, CVD and CKD mortality. The corresponding HRs (95%CIs) were 0.64 (0.50-0.82), 0.42 (0.26-0.66) and 0.29 (0.10-0.83) in the top tertile of low intensity physical activity, and the corresponding HRs (95%CIs) were 0.63 (0.48-0.82), 0.39 (0.24-0.64) and 0.23 (0.07-0.73) in the top tertile of moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity. Conclusion: Physical activity can reduce the risk of all-cause, CVD, and CKD mortality in CKD patients.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its association with lifestyle factors in adults from 10 regions of China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the distribution of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study and evaluate the association between lifestyle risk factors and CKD. Methods: Based on the baseline survey data and follow-up data (as of December 31, 2018) of the CKB study, the differences in CKD cases' area and population distributions were described. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the association between lifestyle risk factors and the risk of CKD. Results: A total of 505 147 participants, 4 920 cases of CKD were recorded in 11.26 year follow up with a incidence rate of 83.43/100 000 person-years. Glomerulonephropathy was the most common type. The incidence of CKD was higher in the urban area, men, and the elderly aged 60 years and above (87.83/100 000 person-years, 86.37/100 000 person-years, and 132.06/100 000 person-years). Current male smokers had an increased risk for CKD compared with non-smokers or occasional smokers (HR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.05-1.31). The non-obese population was used as a control group, both general obesity determined by BMI (HR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.10-1.29) and central obesity determined by waist circumference (HR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.19-1.35) were associated with higher risk for CKD. Conclusion: The risks for CKD varied with area and population in the CKB cohort study, and the risk was influenced by multiple lifestyle factors.

Paris saponin VII, a direct activator of AMPK, induces autophagy and exhibits therapeutic potential in non-small-cell lung cancer / 中国天然药物

Paris saponin VII (PSVII), a bioactive constituent extracted from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim., is cytotoxic to several cancer types. This study was designed to explore whether PSVII prevents non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proliferation and to investigate its molecular target. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been implicated in the activation of autophagy in distinct tissues. In cultured human NSCLC cell lines, PSVII induces autophagy by activating AMPK and inhibiting mTOR signaling. Furthermore, PSVII-induced autophagy activation was reversed by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Computational docking analysis showed that PSVII directly interacted with the allosteric drug and metabolite site of AMPK to stabilize its activation. Microscale thermophoresis assay and drug affinity responsive target stability assay further confirmed the high affinity between PSVII and AMPK. In summary, PSVII acts as a direct AMPK activator to induce cell autophagy, which inhibits the growth of NSCLC cells. In the future, PSVII therapy should be applied to treat patients with NSCLC.

3.0 T cardiac magnetic resonance intravoxel incoherent motion in evaluating microvascular dysfunction of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the value of 3.0 T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) for evaluating microvascular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. Methods Twenty-six HCM patients and 12 healthy controls, who received CMR examination in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from Apr. 2016 to Oct. 2017, were enrolled. All volunteers underwent short-axis cardiac cine and IVIM scans, and HCM patients underwent late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) scan. The fraction of fast apparent diffusion coefficient (f), fast apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCfast) and slow apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCslow) were measured using MITK-Diffusion post-processing software. End-diastolic thickness (EDTH) was measured on short-axis cine image. HCM patients were grouped according to the severity of the left ventricular hypertrophy and whether having LGE or not. The differences of f value, ADCfast and ADCslow were compared between HCM patients and healthy controls, non-hypertrophic segments and hypertrophic segments of HCM patients, LGE segments and non-LGE segments of HCM patients, and different hypertrophic subgroups in hypertrophic segment group. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between IVIM parameters (f value, ADCfast and ADCslow) and EDTH in each segment. Results The ADCslow and ADCfast of the HCM patients were lower than those of the healthy controls (ADCslow: 0.003 [0.002, 0.005] mm2/s vs 0.004 [0.002, 0.007] mm2/s, ADCfast: 0.046 [0.025, 0.074] mm2/s vs 0.069 [0.052, 0.086] mm2/s), and the differences were significant (Z=-2.434 and -7.268, both P0.05). The ADCfast values of the non-hypertrophic segment group and the hypertrophic segment group in the HCM patients were 0.051 (0.029, 0.077) mm2/s and 0.027 (0.019, 0.052) mm2/s, respectively, which were both significantly lower than that of the healthy controls (Z=-5.505 and -8.144, both P0.05). The f value and ADCfast of the segmental myocardia with LGE were significantly lower than those without LGE (Z=-2.704 and -2.143, P=0.007 and 0.032). Spearman correlation analysis showed that EDTH was significantly negatively correlated with f value and ADCfast (r=-0.195 and -0.282, both P<0.01). Conclusion CMR IVIM technology can non-invasively and quantitatively reflect cardiac microvascular dysfunction in HCM patients. The severity of microvascular dysfunction is related to the severity of myocardial hypertrophy. Microvascular dysfunction is also present in non-hypertrophic and non-LGE myocardia.

Bile Acid Transporters Are Expressed and Heterogeneously Distributed in Rat Bile Ducts

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cholangiocytes are capable of reabsorbing bile salts from bile, but the pathophysiological significance of this process is unclear. To this end, we detected the expression and distribution of bile acid transport proteins in cholangiocytes from normal rat liver and analyzed the possible pathophysiological significance. METHODS: Bile duct tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated by enzymatic digestion and mechanical isolation, and then divided into large and small bile duct tissues. Immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), ileal bile acid binding protein (IBABP), and basolateral organic solute transporter α (Ostα) in the biliary tract system of rats. Differences in the expression and distribution of these proteins were analyzed. RESULTS: In cholangiocytes, ASBT and IBABP were mainly expressed in cholangiocytes of the large bile ducts, in which the expression of both was significantly higher than that in the small ducts (p0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Bile acid transporters are expressed and heterogeneously distributed in rat bile ducts, indicating that bile acid reabsorption by cholangiocytes might mainly occur in the large bile ducts. These findings may help explore the physiology of bile ducts and the pathogenesis of various cholangiopathies.

Mechanism of RNA interference HOXB7 gene expression in colon cancer on pro-liferation and apoptosis of cancer cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of inhibiting of HOXB7 gene expression on proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells.Methods:The synthetic negative control siRNA (negative control group) and HOXB7-siRNA (HOXB7 transfection group) were transfected into human colon cancer SW480 cells by LipofectamineTM2000 liposome mediated method,untreated cells as blank group.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of HOXB7 after transfected 48 h respectively;cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 assay after transfected 24,48,72,96 h;cells apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry after transfected 48 h;the expression of apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2,Bax and Notch1 signaling pathway Notch1 and Hes1 were detected by Western blot.Results:The mRNA and protein expression of HOXB7 in HOXB7 transfected group was significantly lower than that in blank group(P<0.05);OD value was no statistical significance in the three groups after transfected 24 h(P>0.05), while after transfected 48,72,96 h,compared with the control group,OD value in HOXB7 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with the blank group,the apoptosis rate in HOXB7 transfection group increased significantly,and the expression of Bcl-2, Notch1 and Hes 1 proteins was down regulated,and the expression of Bax protein was up-regulated(P<0.05).Conclusion:RNA inter-ference in the expression of HOXB7 gene in colon cancer can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and induce apoptosis by inhibiting of the Notch1 signaling pathway.

Effect of resveratrol on forelimb grip strength and myofibril structure in aged rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of resveratrol on muscle mass, forelimb grip strength, myofibril structure and AMPK/sirt1 pathway in skeletal muscles of aged rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty aged (25 months old) SD rats were randomly divided into aged control group and resveratrol treatment group (10 in each group) with 10 young (6 months old) rats served as the young control group. In resveratrol treatment group, the rats were treated with resveratrol (mixed in chow) for 6 weeks. After the treatment, the mass of the gastrocnemius was measured and the sarcopenia index (SI) was calculated as the gastrocnemius mass (mg) to body weight (g) ratio. The forelimb grip strength of the rats was measured using a electronic grip strength meter, and the lengths of the sarcomere, I-band, A-band and H-zone of the myofibrils were determined by transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the young rats, the aged control rats had significantly lower SI of the gastrocnemius (P<0.05) and grip strength (P<0.05) with increased lengths of the sarcomere, A-band, I-band and H-zone (P<0.05) and lowered expressions of AMPK, P-AMPK, and sirt1 protein (P<0.05). Resveratrol treatment of the aged rats significantly increased the forelimb grip strength, reduced the lengths of sarcomere length, I-band and H-zone (P<0.05) and increased, P-AMPK, sirt1 protein expressions (P<0.05) without significantly affecting the SI (P>0.05) or the A-band length (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Resveratrol does not improve the muscle mass but can increase the forelimb grip strength in aged rats possibly by activating AMPK/sirt1 pathway to improve the ultrastructure of the myofibrils.</p>

Effects of ghrelin on hippocampal DKK-1 expression and cognitive function in rats with diabetes mellitus / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of ghrelin on learning and memory abilities and expressions of DKK-1 and β-catenin in the hippocampus of diabetic rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty male SD rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups, namely the control group, diabetic group, ghrelin-treated diabetic group (DM1 group), and ghrelin- and D-lys3-GHRP-6 (a GHSR-1a receptor antagonist)-treated diabetic group (DM2 group). Diabetic rat models were established by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). The learning and memory abilities of the rats were assessed with Morris water maze (MWM) test. The ultrastructure of the hippocampal CA1 area of the rats were observed with electron microscopy. Serum levels of DKK-1 were examined by ELISA, and the expressions of DKK-1 and β-catenin in the hippocampus were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the diabetic rats exhibited significantly impaired learning and memory abilities (P<0.05), increased expression of DKK-1 and lowered β-catenin expression in the hippocampus (P<0.05), significant ultrastructural injuries and disordered arrangement of neurons with the nuclear pycnosis in the hippocampal CA1 area. Ghrelin treatment of the diabetic rats obviously improved their learning and memory abilities (P<0.05), reduced DKK-1 and increased β-catenin expressions (P<0.05), ameliorated ultrastructural damages in the hippocampal CA1 area and restored normal neuronal alignment with clear cell layers. Such effects of ghrelin were antagonized by treatment with D-lys3-GHRP-6 in the diabetic rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ghrelin can alleviate learning and memory dysfunction in diabetic rats possibly by down-regulating the expressions of DKK-1 and activating the WNT signaling pathways.</p>

Effect of oviductus ranae and oviductus ranae eggs on bone metabolism and osteoporosis / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the roles or effects of oviductus ranae (OR) or oviductus ranae eggs (ORE) in preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In vivo experiment: Sixty female adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 12. To provide an osteoporosis model 4 groups of rats were ovariectomized (OVX), with the 5th being sham operated. Medication commenced 7 days after the operation and lasted continuously for 12 weeks. Sham operated and OVX groups were given equivalent volumes of 5% Tween-80. The other three groups intragastrically received conjugated estrogens (CE), OR or ORE of the corresponding doses. At the 12th week, serum estrogen, bone gla protein (BGP), serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assayed; bone mineral densities (BMD) were measured and bone scanning was conducted; uteri were weighed, and weight, volume and length of the femoral bones were determined; and cortical thickness of femoral heads and area of bone trabecula were measured by image analyzer. In vitro experiment: Eighty 10-month old SD rats, with equal numbers of males and females, were randomly divided into 8 groups. Osteoblasts were isolated from neonatal rat calvariae, and the cells were exposed to various concentrations of serum from OR and ORE groups to study the impact of these sera on osteoblastic proliferation, ALP activity and mineralization. Osteoclastic numbers were determined using tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vivo experiment: The body weight of the four OVX groups increased significantly (P<0.01). Uterine weight of the CE group was the highest (P<0.01); Compared with the model group, estrogen level, BMD, bone scanning/bone imaging index weight of the femoral bones, cortical thickness of femoral heads in the OR and ORE groups increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01); femoral volume in the ORE group increased significantly (P<0.05); and the content of osteocalcin, phosphorus, and ALP in serum decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). In vitro experiment: Sera from OR and ORE groups had notable effects on the proliferation of osteoblasts (P<0.05 and P<0.01, repsectively) and stimulated the formation of calcium nodes (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the enhancement of ALP activity in osteoblasts was significant (P<0.05, P<0.01). The number of TRAP-positive cells was significantly reduced as well (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>OR and its eggs could effectively suppress OVX-induced osteoporosis in rats, and increase bone turnover possibly by both an increase in osteoblastic activity and a decrease in osteoclastic activity. The present study provides evidence that OR and its eggs could be considered a complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.</p>

Intracerebroventricular administrations of angiotensin IV (Ang IV) ameliorate cognitive disorder in diabetic rats

Cognitive impairment is a common complication of diabetes. Hippocampus plays an important role in cognitive function. In hyperglycemia, synaptophysin, a crucial synaptic vesicle membrane protein in hippocampus neuron is found to be down-regulated. Recent evidences have shown that angiotensin IV can facilitate memory acquisition and recovery. However, whether it can also improve cognitive functions of diabetic rats with cognitive disorder, and the possible mechanisms are uncertain. Hence, the objectives of this study. Forty fi ve Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, diabetic group and diabetes with angiotensin IV treatment group. The cognitive functions, mainly learning and memory of the rats were evaluated using Morris water maze task. The synapses ultrastructure, relative mRNA concentrations and protein expression levels of synaptophysin in hippocampus CA1 area were estimated using transmission electron microscope, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting, respectively. Our study showed that in the diabetic rats with angiotensin IV treatment, the cognitive impairment as measured by Morris water maze task improved, the ultrastructure of synapses in hippocampus reversed, the relative mRNA concentrations and protein levels of synaptophysin in hippocampus signifi cantly increased, when compared with diabetic rats. We conclude that angiotensin IV plays an important role in improving cognitive function of diabetic rats. The possible mechanisms are up-regulating the expression of synaptophysin and normalizing the ultrastructure of synapses in hippocampus.

Therapeutic effects of endoscopic therapy combined with enteral nutrition on acute severe biliary pancreatitis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Acute severe biliary pancreatitis (ASBP) is a severe and fatal disease, and the expenditure is huge and therapeutic effects are still not satisfactory. This study aimed to improve the therapeutic effects and reduce the expenditure of ASBP treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and five patients diagnosed with ASBP were referred to our department from January 2004 to July 2009. Diagnosis was based on the 2007 criteria of the Chinese Society of Surgery. Patients were divided into two groups; the E group: 50 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde choledochopancreatography (ERCP) + endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) + endoscopic lithotripsy basket (ESR) + endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) and enteral nutrition (EN), and the R group: 55 patients who underwent traditional treatment without ERCP. Subsequently, subjective symptoms, signs, biochemical analysis, serum endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor a, grades by computed tomography (CT), cost of hospitalization and length of stay were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All enrolled patients complied well with all therapeutic regimens. Endoscopic therapy that combined EN could significantly improve symptoms, clinical signs, laboratory values, tumor necrosis factor a and endotoxin while significantly reducing hospital expenditure and length of hospital stay. The experimental findings revealed that there were obvious advantages in the E group compared with the R group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Endoscopic therapy combined with EN is an effective, safe and economic therapeutic regimen of ASBP.</p>

Investigation of birth state and disease spectrum in 1,434 hospitalized neonates / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the birth state of neonates and the disease spectrum of hospitalized neonates from a primary hospital, and compare with the national data of the same period.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective investigation was carried out in 1,434 neonates born or hospitalized in this hospital from January 2005 to December 2005.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the investigation period, there were 1,100 neonates born in the department of obstetrics. The incidence of premature birth was 2.3%. The caesarean birth accounted for 54.2%, significantly higher than the national average (49.2%, p<0.01). The neonatal mortality was 0.2%. The incidences of antepartum hemorrhage, threatened abortion, and pregnancy infection in preterm infant' s mothers were significantly higher than those in full-term infant' s mothers. A total of 344 neonates were admitted to the department of pediatrics during the investigation period. Preterm infants accounted for 38.0% which was higher than the national average (26.2%; p<0.01). Beside preterm infants, asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis and intracranial hemorrhage were shown to have a significantly higher proportion than the national averages. The mortality of hospitalized neonates was 0.9%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The higher cesarean section rate should be controlled in our hospital. Prenatal health care and fetal monitoring should be strengthened to decrease the incidence of premature birth, RDS, sepsis and intracranial hemorrhage, thus reducing the mortality of neonates.</p>

Clinical study on acute periapical periodontitis caused by overfilling / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relation on overfilling with gutta-percha point or paste and acute periapical periodontitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Collected sixty cases of acute periapical periodontitis which had been filled with gutta-percha point and paste within 1 week, and took dental radiographs. The cases that dental radiographs showed only guttapercha point was overfilling were assigned to group A (34 cases), and the cases that dental radiographs showed only paste was overfilling were assigned to group B (26 cases). The cases that dental radiographs showed both gutta-percha point and paste were overfilling were excluded. Sixty cases were divided into light group and severe group according to clinical sign. Measured gutta-percha point length or paste areas over apex. Took out the ohturation material cornpletely, adjusted occlusion when necessary and changed root canal medicament every day until clinical sign disappeared completely. Recorded the time of clinical sign disappeared completely.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In group A, gutta-percha point length over apex averaged 1.01 mm on light cases, and 1.79 mm on severe cases. In group B, the paste areas over apex averaged 2.45 mm2 on light cases, and 8.26 mm2 on severe cases. Group A had 13 light cases and 21 severe cases, and group B had 18 light cases and 8 severe cases. In group A, the average time of clinical sign disappeared completely was 3.56 days, and in group B the average time was 6.19 days. The statistical test showed there were significant differences among these four couples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The more overfilling, the more severe clinical sign was. Clinical sign caused by gutta-percha point overfilling was more severe. The time of clinical sign which caused by gutta-percha point overfilling disappeared completely was shorter.</p>

Molecular evolution and correlation of HN and P gene among the field Newcastle disease viruses / 病毒学报

The goal of this study is to research the genetic characteristics and relationship between HN and P genes of NDV. The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence were analyzed for the Hemagglutinin-neuramindase (HN) and Phosphoprotein (P) gene of twelve field isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) during 1997-2005 in China. The HN and P gene sequences of fifteen NDV reference strains from GenBank were also used in this study. The molecular evolution distance of nucleotides and amino acids were calculated by MEGA 4.0 software, and analysis of variance and correlations were analyzed by SPSS11.0 software among different length sequences of the HN gene or P gene. The nucleotide and amino acids correlation of HN and P gene were analyzed respectively. The correlation of evolution distance and isolation year were also calculated. The results indicated that there were difference and good correlation of nucleotide and amino acid among different length sequences of the HN gene or P gene. These results revealed that the HN and P gene of NDV have the different response to selective pressure to adopt to landscape and closely relationship on heredity mutations. Nucleotide variations of HN and P gene have relationship with isolation year of strains.

Feasibility of endoscopic surgery by paravertebral approach in far lateral lumbar disc herniation / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic paravertebral approach surgery in the far lateral lumbar disc herniation.@*METHODS@#Fifty sets of integral lumbar vertebral specimens were selected, and the anatomical data of lumbar intervertebral foramina and its adjacent structures were measured. Twenty specimens are randomly divided into a traditional group and an endoscopic group, then the traditional and endoscopic operations by paravertebral approach were used to dissect every strata of soft tissues in order to expose the intervertebral foramen. At last,the relationship between the intervertebral foramen and its adjacent structures was observed, and the 2 procedures were compared.@*RESULTS@#The sagittal diameter of lumbar intervertebral foramina became shorter from the top to bottom,while the diameter of cross section of relative nerve roots became longer. The depth of the line which connected the middle point of the 2 adjacent transverse process roots and the anterior branch of lumber nerve root in L1,L3 and L5 was (1.03+/-0.30), (1.71+/-0.29), and (1.99+/-0.34) mm respectively, with the increasing tendency; the depth of L3 to L5 was mostly less than 2 cm. The distance of the middle points of the 2 adjacent transverse process roots from L1 to L5 was long enough, but the distance between L5 and S1 was only (10.14+/-1.71) mm. The surgery by paravertebral approach had a relative safe operation area,which was similar to a triangle.@*CONCLUSION@#The technique of endoscopic surgery by paravertebral approach is feasible in the treatment of far lateral lumbar disc herniation. However, it is difficult to perform this surgery in the treatment of L5/S1 far lateral lumbar disc herniation, which is often conducted with endoscopy, after 18 to approximately 20 mm of the partial sacrum is eliminated by conventional method.

Mentality and behavior of children suffering from viral myocarditis / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The present study was designed to investigate the influence of viral myocarditis on mental behavior of the children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mentality and behavior of the 178 children suffering from viral myocarditis were examined with Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) edited by Gong Yao-xian in 1986 and 104 sex, age, education and achievement-matched children with pneumonia or upper respiratory infection were enrolled as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mentality and behavior of the children with viral myocarditis were distinctly abnormal. The abnormal rates of boys and girls suffering from acute and deferment viral myocarditis were evidently higher than those of control children (P < 0.01). The behavioral abnormalities of boys were hypochondria, social difficulties, unwell of body and attack. Whereas, the girls presented hypochondria, unwell of body, social flinch and disobeyed discipline, which was significantly different from the control children. The total and hypochondria cursory mark of the second check result of deferment boys were evidently higher than those of the first check (P < 0.05). The total cursory mark of the second check result of deferment girls was higher than that of the first check (P < 0.05) and evidently higher than that of the acute second check result (P < 0.01). The abnormal rates of mentality and behavior correlated positively with the age of children and they were associated with the severity of the illness.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Viral myocarditis evidently affected the mentality and behavior of children, which should be paid great attention to.</p>

EFFECT OF SHENQI JIANG TANG TABLET ON TYPE Ⅱ DIABETES MELLITUS IN ADULTS: A REPORT OF 373 CASES / 中药新药与临床药理

373 adult cases with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus were treated with, Shenqi Jiung Tang (SJT) Tablet and 108 cases with phenformin as control. The result showed that the symptoms were remarkably alleviated after treatment with SJT tablet. Blood glucose was decreased by 94.36％; 24-hour urine sugar was decreased by 85.79％ the total effective rate was 83.16％. The effect was significantly better than that of control group (p